2021-05-17
Ditemukan di Pasien COVID-19 India. Ini Bahaya Infeksi Jamur
India sedang kewalahan dengan lonjakan kasus positif coronavirus. Namun, kondisi buruk tersebut ternyata tak berhenti di situ. Infeksi jamur hitam ditemukan di sejumlah pasien covid, bahkan mereka sampai kehilangan fungsi penglihatannya.
Meski infeksi jamur hitam menambah angka kematian masyarakat India, tetapi dr. Arina Heidyana mengatakan penyakit mucormycosis ini bukanlah penyakit baru.
“Ya, penyakit jamur hitam sudah ada sejak pre-covid. Tapi, angka kejadiannya sangat jarang. Dulu, salah satu RS di India melaporkan hanya ada 6 kasus dalam 1 tahun. Setelah gelombang kedua, dalam 2 bulan dilaporkan setidaknya ada 24 kasus mucormycosis,” ujarnya.
Menurut CDC, kasus mucormycosis memiliki persentase kematian sebesar 54 persen. Tingkatan ini bervariasi, tergantung dari kondisi pasien, jenis jamur, dan bagian tubuh yang terkena.
Sejak awal pandemi, sebetulnya jenis infeksi jamur hitam telah membuat sejumlah pasien yang sudah sembuh dari coronavirus kembali ke ruang ICU
Infeksi jamur tersebut menyebabkan rasa sakit yang luar biasa dan bahkan menyebabkan kebutaan di antara 20-30 persen penderitanya. Jamur tumbuh di belakang mata, sehingga menekan saraf optik dan memicu kebutaan.
Semua masalah itu disebabkan oleh jamur mucormycetes. Jamur ini secara alami ada di lingkungan, terutama tanah, daun, kompos, dan kotoran hewan.
Jamur tersebut tidak menular dan sengaja menginfeksi seperti virus. Ia tidak bisa berpindah sendiri dari manusia atau hewan. Mereka tertular karena bersentuhan langsung dengan spora jamur.
Jika terhirup, spora akan mengganggu paru-paru. Bila jamur masuk ke kulit lewat luka atau goresan, trauma atau masalah kulit lainnya juga akan terjadi.
Infeksi kemudian dapat menyebar ke aliran darah dan sampai di organ penting, seperti otak, jantung, dan limpa.
Dalam kondisi sehat, berkontak dengan fungi tidak akan menjadi masalah. Sebab, imunitas tubuh akan melawannya.
Sayangnya, pada orang yang kekebalan tubuhnya lemah, infeksi akibat fungi justru berakibat fatal.
Tak cuma mata, jamur tersebut juga bisa menyebabkan kerusakan pada wajah, hidung, dan otak karena penyebarannya yang cepat. Tubuh penderitanya akan meradang, kejang, lumpuh, lalu meninggal dunia.
Sejarah perjalanan dokter memang sangat panjang, begitupun juga ketika berbicara tentang sumbangsih dokter di Indonesia. Jauh sebelum organisasi IDI terbentuk, dokter-dokter di tanah air sudah mencatatkan dirinya sebagai salah satu pejuang kemanusiaan. Nama-nama besar seperti dr. Sutomo, Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Tjipto Mangoenkoesomo, dan nama-nama dokter lainnya tercatat dalam sejarah tak hanya memerangi penyakit namun juga memerangi penjajahan di Indonesia oleh kolonialisme.
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